CANADIAN GRAIN EXPORTS BY OUTLET AND END MARKET, 1994
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Despite substantial decline in Canadian exports to the Former Soviet Union (FSU), 0.1 Mt in 1994 down from 1.0 Mt in 1993; 5.3 Mt in 1992 and 8.5 in 1991 - Canadian grain exports1 in 1994 were 30.3 Mt, 23% above the 24.6 Mt in 1993 and 16.9% higher than the 25.9 Mt average of the last five years. This situation was mainly due to the substantial growth in Canadian grain exports to the U.S., which jumped by 100% in 1994 to 4.9 Mt from 2.5 Mt in 1993, as well as to the grain exports to Western Europe, which rose by 71.% to 2.8 Mt from the 1.7 Mt. Meanwhile, Canadian grain exports through the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway (GL- SLS) in 1994 were 8.4 Mt, 29% above the 6.5 Mt in 1993. The share of the waterway of total Canadian grain exports also increased to 27.7% from 26.4% in 1993. Canadian grain exports through the Canadian Pacific outlet in 1994 were 19.2 Mt, 16% above the 16.6 Mt in 1993 but the share of this outlet of total Canadian grain decreased to 63.4% from 67.2 % in 1993. Meanwhile, Exports through the Canadian Atlantic were 0.1 Mt, 21.3% below the 0.13 Mt in 1993 and its share of total Canadian grain exports declined to 0.3% from 0.5%. Canadian grain exports through Churchill in 1994 were 0.29 Mt, 20.9% above the 0.24 Mt in 1993 but the share of this outlet of total Canadian grain exports remained at 1% as in 1993. Meanwhile, direct grain exports via the Prairie Elevators were 2.3 Mt up from 1.2 Mt in 1993 and its share of total Canadian grain exports jumped to 7.6% from 4.9%. Most of this flow is direct exports to the U.S.
CANADIAN GRAIN EXPORTS SITUATION
Canada's grain production in 1993-94 crop year is estimated to be 59.2 Mt, compared to 55.1 Mt in 1992-93 and 54.4 Mt average for the last five years. Meanwhile, Canada's market share of world grain trade was 13.6% compared to 11.4% a year earlier.
Canadian grain exports1 in 1994 calendar year were 30.3 Mt, 23% above the 24.6 Mt in 1993 and 16.9% higher than the 25.9 Mt average of the last five years.
In 1994 total Canadian grain exported to the Former Soviet Union (FSU) declined to only 0.1 Mt compared to 1 Mt in 1993, 5.3 Mt in 1992 and 8.5 Mt in 1991. Meanwhile, Asia imported 13.0 Mt of Canadian grain, 19.4% higher than the 10.8 Mt for the same period last year but its share of total Canadian grain exports declined to 42.7% from 44.1%. In contrast, grain exports to the U.S., during the same period, climbed by 100.2% from 2.5 Mt to 4.9 Mt. The share of this market of total Canadian grain exports jumped to 16.3% from 10% in 1993.
Canadian grain exports to Latin America were 4.7 Mt, an increase of 6.7% from the 4.4 Mt in 1993. Nevertheless, the share of this market of total Canadian grain exports declined to 15.6% from 18.0%. North Africa & Middle East imported 4.3 Mt, accounting for 14.3% of total Canadian grain exports compared to 3.4 Mt and 13.8% share in 1993.
Meanwhile, Western Europe received 2.8 Mt of Canadian grain, 71.1% above the 1.7 Mt for the same period in 1993. The share of this market of total Canadian grain exports jumped to 9.4% from 6.8% in 1993. Other Africa followed with 0.4 Mt and 1.2% share and the FSU 0.1 Mt and 0.3% share.
The situation of the Canadian grain exports in 1994 was reflected in the level and direction of grain flowing through alternative Canadian seaboard outlets as described in the chapters that follow.
THE GREAT LAKES -ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY
Canadian grain exports through the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway (GL-SLS) in 1994 were 8.4 Mt, 29% above the 6.5 Mt in 1993 and 3.1% higher than the 8.1 Mt average for the last five years. Meanwhile, the share of the waterway of total Canadian grain exports increased to 27.7.% from 26.4% in 1993 but was lower than the 31.4% average of the last five years.
In 1994 the GL-SLS had a majority share in five markets out of eight Canadian export markets, similar to 1993. Meanwhile, only 0.1 Mt of Canadian grain were exported to the FSU via the GL-SLS compared to 0.5 Mt in 1993, 3.5 Mt in 1992 and 6.5 Mt for the in 1991.
In 1994, the U.S., became the most important market for the GL-SLS. It received 2.39 Mt, representing 28.4% of the waterway's total Canadian grain exports and 48.4% of total Canadian grain exports to the U.S.. This is compared to 1.24 Mt, accounting for 19.0% waterway's total Canadian grain exports in 1993 and 48.4% of total Canadian grain exports to the U.S. in 1993. North Africa & Middle East followed with 2.1 Mt and 25.1% share, Western Europe (2.0 Mt / 23.9%), Latin America (1.3 Mt / 15.8%), Other Africa (0.3 Mt / 3.7%), Asia (0.14 Mt / 17%), the FSU (0.1 Mt / 1.2%), and Eastern Europe (0.02 Mt / 0.3%).
THE CANADIAN ATLANTIC
Canadian grain exports through the Canadian Atlantic in 1994 were 0.1 Mt, 21.3% below 0.13 Mt in 1993 and 37.5% lower than the 0.16 Mt average for the last five years. Meanwhile, the share of this outlet of total Canadian grain exports declined to 0.3% from 0.5% in 1993 and from the 0.6% average of the last five years.
Western Europe received 0.08 Mt of Canadian grain via this outlet in 1994, representing 79.4% of all Canadian grain exported through the Atlantic outlet. Latin America and Other Africa received the remaining 0.02 Mt, accounting for 20.6% of all Canadian grain exported through this outlet .
CHURCHILL
Canadian grain exports through Churchill in 1994 were 0.29 Mt, 20.9% above the 0.24 Mt in 1993 and almost similar to the average for the last five years. Meanwhile, the share of this outlet of total Canadian grain exports remained at 1% as in 1993 but was slightly lower than to the 1.1% average of the last five years.
Latin America received 0.2 Mt of Canadian grain via this outlet in 1994, representing 85.6% of all Canadian grain exported through Churchill. North Africa & Middle East received the remaining 0.09 Mt, accounting for 14.4% of all Canadian grain exported through this outlet.
THE CANADIAN PACIFIC
Canadian grain exports through the Canadian Pacific outlet in 1994 were 19.2 Mt, 16% above the 16.6 Mt in 1993 and 15.9 % higher than the 15.9 Mt average of the last five years. Meanwhile, the share of this outlet of total Canadian grain decreased to 63.4% from 67.2% in 1993 and was also slightly lower than the 63.9% average of the last five years.
Asia, by far the most important market for Canadian grain exported through this Western outlet, received 12.8 Mt in 1994. This represented 66.8% of all Canadian grain exported through this outlet up from 10.7 Mt and 64.8% share in 1993. This amount also represented 98.9% share of all Canadian grain exports to Asia in 1994.
Latin America was far second, receiving 3.1 Mt, representing 16.4% of all Canadian grain exported through the Pacific. The North African & Middle Eastern market followed with 2.2 Mt and 11.3% share, Western Europe (0.8 Mt / 4.0%), up from (0.3 Mt / 1.7%) in 1993. The U.S. (0.2 Mt /1.2%) and Other Africa (0.1 Mt /0.3%). No Canadian grain were exported to the FSU via the Pacific in 1994, compared to 0.5 Mt in 1993, 1.7 in 1992 and 2.0 Mt in 1991.
CANADIAN GRAIN EXPORTS BY PORT
In 1994, the port of Thunder Bay handled a total of about 8.4 Mt of Canadian grain, accounting for 27.7% of all Canadian grain exports. Of this amount, about 4.9 Mt were transshipped at Lower St. Lawrence ports and 3.5 Mt were exported directly to world markets.
During the same period, the port of Vancouver handled 13.8 Mt of grain, representing 45.4% of all Canadian grain exports in 1994. Meanwhile, the port of Prince Rupert handled about 5.5 Mt representing 18.0% of all Canadian grain exports in 1994.